Sporotrichosis: In silico design of new molecular markers for the Sporothrix genus.

BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis, a cosmopolitan mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix complex, affects humans and animals. This study aimed to develop new molecular markers for Sporothrix genome detection in biological samples using PCR. METHODS: A specific region of DNA sequences from the Sporothrix genus, publicly available in GenBank, was chosen for primer design. After testing the in silico specificity of these primers, in vitro specificity was evaluated using the PCR technique. RESULTS: Three specific primers with 100% specificity for the Sporothrix genus were generated. CONCLUSIONS: PCR using the designed primers can be used to develop molecular diagnostics for sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis: In silico design of new molecular markers for the Sporothrix genus

ABSTRACT Background: Sporotrichosis, a cosmopolitan mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix complex, affects humans and animals. This study aimed to develop new molecular markers for Sporothrix genome detection in biological samples using PCR. Methods: A specific region of DNA sequences from the Sporothrix genus, publicly available in GenBank, was chosen for primer design. After testing the in silico specificity of these primers, in vitro specificity was evaluated using the PCR technique. Results: Three specific primers with 100% specificity for the Sporothrix genus were generated. Conclusions: PCR using the designed primers can be used to develop molecular diagnostics for sporotrichosis.

Correlations among neck circumference and anthropometric indicators to estimate body adiposity in people living with HIV.

INTRODUCTION: Neck circumference (NC) and anthropometric data of people living with HIV (PLWH) are correlated. METHODS: Socioeconomic, NC, body mass index (BMI), tricipital skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) data of 72 PLWH were correlated. RESULTS: Higher adiposity was observed in NC (40.3% [n=29]) and WC (31.9% [n=23]). Correlations between NC/BMI, NC/WC, NC/HC, NC/MAC, NC/MAMC, and NC/WHtR were significant. Increased NC (40.3%[n=29]) and WC (31.9 [n=23]) were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS: NC correlations are adequate for estimating cardiometabolic risk.

Efeito da suplementação de própolis verde no câncer de pâncreas: um relato de caso / Effect of green propolis supplementation on pancreas cancer: a case report

Introdução: O aumento da incidência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e a mortalidade associada a estas causas têm se destacado mundialmente. Entre essas doenças, destaca-se o câncer de pâncreas, que é caracterizado por tendência à evolução com metástase e baixa sobrevida. Relato de caso: As terapias oncológicas podem afetar a qualidade de vida e o estado nutricional dos pacientes e, por essa razão, a utilização de terapias alternativas e complementares, como o uso da própolis, podem auxiliar na melhoria da qualidade do tratamento, através da diminuição na proliferação de células neoplásicas e dos efeitos tóxicos da quimioterapia, devido às características epigenéticas, antitumorais, apoptóticas, antioxidantes e imunomodulatórias. Este relato de caso aborda o acompanhamento clínico e nutricional de um paciente idoso do sexo masculino, portador de câncer pancreático em tratamento quimioterápico, sob aconselhamento nutricional associado à suplementação de extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis verde. Conclusão: Observou-se com este relato de caso, a melhora da qualidade de vida e aumento da taxa de sobrevida do paciente de 12 meses para três anos e meio, além de estabilização da progressão tumoral. (AU)

Introduction: The increase in the incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases has been highlighted in terms of worldwide mortality rates. Among these diseases, pancreatic cancer stands out, which is characterized by a tendency towards the evolution of metastasis and low survival. Weight loss is associated with increased basal energy expenditure, decreased energy consumption and malabsorption of nutrients. Case report: Oncological therapies can affect to quality of life and nutritional status of individuals, due to the toxic and immunosuppressive effects. For this reason, the use of alternative and complementary therapies, such as the use of propolis, can help to improve the quality of treatment, by decreasing the proliferation of neoplastic cells and the toxic effects of chemotherapy, due to the epigenetic, antitumor, apoptotic characteristics, antioxidants and immunomodulatory. This case report addresses the clinical and nutritional monitoring of an elderly male patient, with pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy, under nutritional advice associated with the supplementation of hydroalcoholic extract of green propolis. Conclusion: There was an improvement in the quality of life and an increase in the patient’s survival rate from 12 months to three years, in addition to stabilization of tumor progression. (AU)

Correlations among neck circumference and anthropometric indicators to estimate body adiposity in people living with HIV

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Neck circumference (NC) and anthropometric data of people living with HIV (PLWH) are correlated. METHODS: Socioeconomic, NC, body mass index (BMI), tricipital skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) data of 72 PLWH were correlated. RESULTS Higher adiposity was observed in NC (40.3% [n=29]) and WC (31.9% [n=23]). Correlations between NC/BMI, NC/WC, NC/HC, NC/MAC, NC/MAMC, and NC/WHtR were significant. Increased NC (40.3%[n=29]) and WC (31.9 [n=23]) were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS: NC correlations are adequate for estimating cardiometabolic risk.

Diagnóstico da aspergilose invasiva:Aplicação das Técnicas de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e Ensaio Imunoenzimático de Detecção da Galactomanana (EIA-GM®) / Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques (PCR) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detectionof Galactomannan (EIA-GM®)

Introdução: a aspergilose invasiva (IA) é uma infecção fúngica grave causada por espécies do gênero Aspergillus e acomete principalmente pacientes leucêmicos,diabéticos e aqueles receptores de transplante de células-tronco, que apresentem neutropenia. Os esporos dos fungos que colonizam o epitélio pulmonar podem invadir as células endoteliais de revestimento e o acesso vascular e, assim, disseminar-se paraoutros órgãos através do sangue. A elevada mortalidade da doença está relacionada à imunossupressão grave, à rápida progressão da infecção e, principalmente, à ausência de um diagnóstico precoce e eficiente. Portanto, o diagnóstico na fase inicial da infecção é adequado, proporcionando uma terapia mais eficaz, o que pode reduzir a taxa de mortalidade da doença. Objetivo: o presente estudo teve em vista avaliar a aplicabilidadeda técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) no auxílio do diagnóstico de AI, em comparação com os resultados gerados pelo ensaio imunoenzimático de galactomanana (EIA-GM®), este já validado comercialmente. Métodos: foram analisadas 245 amostras de pacientes tratados no hospital Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte. Entre essas amostras, 16% (N = 39) foram positivos nos testes EIA-GM®. Em seguida, essas 39amostras positivas foram analisadas pela técnica de PCR. Resultados: de acordo com os resultados, a técnica de PCR apresentou taxa de 97,44% de sensibilidade, 97,96% de acurácia e 100% de especificidade, quando comparada ao método EIA-GM®. Conclusão:a técnica de PCR pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da AI, sempre associando os seus resultados à clinica do paciente e aos testes de imunoensaios.

Introduction: invasive aspergillosis (AI) is a serious fungal infection caused by species of the genus Aspergillus that primarily affects leukemic and diabetic patients and those recipients of stem cell transplants, which have neutropenia. The fungi spores that colonize the lung epithelium may invade the endothelial cell lining and vascular access and thus, spread to other organs through the blood. The high mortality of the disease is related tosevere immunosuppression, rapid infection progression, and especially lack of an early and efficient diagnosis. Therefore, the diagnosis in the initial infection phase is beneficial,providing a more effective therapy that can reduce the disease?s mortality rate. Objective:this study aimed at evaluating the applicability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cheganin assisting the diagnosis of AI compared to the resultsgenerated by galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (EIA-GM®) that is already commercially validated. Methods: 245 samples from patients treated in the Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte hospital were analyzed. Among these samples, 16% (N = 39) were positive in EIA-GM®tests. Subsequently, these 39 positive samples were analyzedby PCR. Results: According to the results, the PCR technique showed 97.44% sensitivity, 97.96% accuracy, and 100% specificity compared to EIA-GM®. Conclusion:the PCR technique may aid in the diagnosis of AI,always associating the results to the patient's clinicaland immunoassay tests.

Distúrbios nutricionais e metabólicos provocados pela utilização da terapia antirretroviral e abordagem nutricional: uma revisão narrativa / Nutritional and metabolic disorders caused by antiretroviral therapy and nutritional approach: a narrative review

O uso da terapia antirretroviral (TARV) tem aumentado à sobrevida das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) alterando consideravelmente a história natural da infecção. Entretanto, em alguns casos, o uso destes medicamentos tem sido associado à distúrbios nutricionais e metabólicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os distúrbios nutricionais e metabólicos ocasionados pelo uso da TARV e o respectivo papel terapêutico da abordagem nutricional em PVHA. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, realizada durante o segundo semestre do ano de 2012, utilizando os seguintes descritores: AIDS, HIV, PVHA, TARV, estado nutricional, acompanhamento nutricional. O principal distúrbio nutricional encontrado nesta revisão, relacionado ao uso de TARV, foi a síndrome lipodistrófica associada à dislipidemias e hiperglicemias, bem como, alterações ósseas e aumento de gordura corporal. Neste sentido, o acompanhamento nutricional é extremamente importante para a melhora da qualidade de vida e prevenção de demais complicações metabólicas em PVHA (AU)

The use of antiretroviral therapy has increased the survival of people living with HIV/AIDS considerably altering the natural history of infection. However, in some cases, the use of these drugs have been associated with nutritional and metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to describe the nutritional and metabolic disorders caused by antiretroviral therapy and their therapeutic role of nutritional approach for people living with HIV/AIDS. This is a narrative review, conducted during the second half of 2012, using the following descriptors: AIDS, HIV, people living with HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy, nutritional status, nutritional counseling. The main nutritional disorder found in this review, related to the use of antiretroviral therapy was the lipodystrophy syndrome associated with dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, as well as bone changes and increase in body fat. In this sense, the nutritional monitoring is extremely important to improve the quality of life and prevention of other metabolic complications in people living with HIV/AIDS (AU)

Avaliação do treinamento de manipuladores de alimentos de restaurantes comerciais pelo ensaio ATP-bioluminescência / Evaluation of food handlers training in commercial restaurants by using ATP bioluminescence methodology

Os programas de treinamentos para manipuladores de alimentos são meios eficazes para transmitir conhecimentos e promover melhorias nas condições higiênico-sanitárias em estabelecimentos alimentícios.Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito do treinamento em boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos,ministrado aos funcionários de restaurantes comerciais da região de Ouro Preto – MG, por meio do teste de ATP-bioluminescência. O teste foi utilizado para quantificar a carga orgânica, medida como valor de“Unidades Relativas de Luz – URL”, nas amostras coletadas das mãos de manipuladores, de bancadas de trabalho e de superfícies de utensílios, selecionadas aleatoriamente em cada restaurante. Após o treinamento,houve melhoria no padrão higiênico, evidenciado pela redução da carga orgânica nas superfícies avaliada sem todos os restaurantes. Apesar da redução dos valores de URL, algumas superfícies não alcançaram o valor recomendado para superfície em condições higiênicas satisfatórias. A aplicação do teste ATPbioluminescência para avaliação do treinamento de manipuladores mostrou ser eficaz e pode ser empregado em associação com os tradicionais métodos de contagem de micro-organismos em treinamentos realizado sem Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição. Apesar da redução dos valores de URL indicar a melhoria nas condições higiênicas, o trabalho de treinamento e monitoramento deve ser continuado.

Training programs designed for food handlers are an effective way to spread the knowledge and topromote improvements on the hygienic conditions of food establishments. This study aimed at evaluatingthe effect of a training course on good handling practices for food handlers of selected restaurants in theregion of Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil, by using ATP-bioluminescence assay. This test was used to quantifythe organic load, measured by “Relative Light Units – RLU”, in samples collected from workers hands,surfaces of work benches and utensils, which were randomly selected in each restaurant. After training,a significant improvement in the hygienic conditions was observed, as evidenced by the decrease in theRLU values in samples from all restaurants. Despite the decreased RLU values, some surfaces did notreach the recommended value for surfaces samples in the satisfactory hygienic conditions. The ATPbioluminescencetest showed to be effective for evaluating the training success, and could be a powerfultool when applied in training programs at food services, and in association with the conventionalmicrobiological methodologies. In spite of the reduction in RLU values, indicating.

Report on a balantidiasis case in a person living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)

Balantidium coli é um protozoário parasito ciliado que afeta os porcos e primatas não-humanos. Sua presença em seres humanos é rara e pode se tornar um parasito oportunista em hospedeiros imunodeprimidos. Balantidíase é uma doença causada pela ingestão de cistos de B. coli. Osindivíduos infectados podem apresentar dor abdominal, cefaléia, astenia, tenesmo, meteorismo e diarréia caracterizada por cinco ou seis evacuações por dia. Este trabalho é o primeiro no Brasil a relatar a presença de B. coli em um paciente HIV-positivo.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in HIV-infected patients treated or not with antiretroviral drugs and their correlation with factors related to cardiovascular risk and HIV infection.

AIMS: To compare high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in HIV-infected patients treated or not with antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and to correlate hsCRP levels with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and parameters of HIV infection. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-one HIV-infected patients were included (129 ARV-treated and 42 ARV-naïve). Evaluations included anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, laboratory tests, ultrasonographic measurement of fat thickness and impedance analysis. RESULTS: hsCRP levels were higher in ARV-treated compared to ARV-naïve patients (p<0.001). Seventy-two (56%) ARV-treated patients and 11 (26%) ARV-naïve patients had hsCRP concentrations >3 mg/dl (high risk for cardiovascular complications) (OR 3.56; 95%CI: 1.55-8.29; p=0.001, chi(2) test). hsCRP levels correlated positively with waist measurement (p=0.004), waist-to-hip ratio (p<0.001), systolic (p=0.05) and diastolic (p=0.03) blood pressure, intra-abdominal fat thickness (p=0.02), triglycerides (p=0.001), total cholesterol (p=0.01), fasting glucose (p=0.01), and glucose (p<0.001) and insulin levels (p=0.02) measured 2 h after load. No correlation was found between hsCRP levels and CD4 cell counts and HIV-viral load. Independent factors associated with hsCRP levels were therapy with current non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (p=0.003), waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.006), fasting glucose (p=0.049) and glucose levels 2 h after load (p=0.003) in multivariate analysis model 1 and current NNRTI therapy (p<0.001), protease inhibitor therapy (p=0.016) and cardiometabolic syndrome (p=0.022) in multivariate analysis model 2. CONCLUSION: hsCRP in HIV-infected patients is associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, principally in ARV-treated patients. hsCRP levels are not associated with CD4 cell counts and HIV-viral load and may constitute a marker for cardiovascular risk related to HIV infection and ARV therapy.